The Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire:

The young monarch Babur, dismounted from Taimur on his father's side and Chenghis Khan on his mother's, completed his appropriation of northern India in 1526 AD, overthrowing Ibrahim Shah Lodi (the Sultan of Delhi) at the First Battle of Panipat. Babur was an evacuee from the ferocious royal struggles in Central Asia. His uncles and other warlords had recurrently disavowed his birth right ruling over the Silk Road cities of Samarkand and Fergana. Although Babur was able to vindicate a foundation in Kabul, he turned south and brought under control much of the Indian subcontinent. Babur called his bloodline "Taimurid," but it is better known as the Mughal bloodline - a Persian translation of the word "Mangal."

Reign of Babur:

Babur was never able to bring under control Rajputana, home of the militant Rajputs. He ruled over the rest of northern India and the plain of the Ganges River. Though he was a Muslim, Babur followed a rather loose translation of the holy Qur’an in some ways. He drank heavily at his famously expensive feasts, and also enjoyed smoking cannabis. Malleable and tolerant religious views of Babur would be all the more manifest in his grandson, Akbar the Great. In 1530, Babur died at the age of just 47. His eldest son Humayun tried to seat his uncle (aunt's husband) as emperor and occupied the throne. Dead body of Babur was returned to Kabul, Afghanistan, nine years after his death, and buried in the Bagh-e Babur.

Shah Jahan: 
 Son of Akbar, Jahangir, ruled the Mughal Empire in peace and opulence from 1605 until 1627. He was succeeded by his own son, Shah Jahan. The 36-year-old Shah Jahan ruling his kingdom smoothly,but his fate was not fair. Just four years later, during the birth of their fourteenth child his beloved wife Mumtaz died. The emperor went into deep melancholy and get him out of public sight. As a symbol of his love, Shah Jahan approved the building of an extensive tomb for his beloved. The Persian architect Ustad Ahmad Lahauri designed it. The Taj Mahal was made of white marble. The Taj Mahal is treated the extreme achievement of Mughal architecture.
Come off the Mughal Empire:                                                                                                                Third son of Shah Jahan, Aurangazeb, owned the throne and had all of his brothers executed after a lengthen succession struggle in 1658. At the time of his father’s alive Aurangzeb had his powerless father limited to the Fort at Agra. Shah Jahan spent his falling time staring at the Taj. He died in 1666. The brutal Aurangzeb substantiated to be the last of the "Great Mughals." Throughout his reign, he elaborated the empire in all directions. He also instituted a brand of Islam, even blocked music in the empire (that made many Hindu customs impossible to perform). A three-year-long mutiny by the Mughals' long-time collaborator, the Pashtun, began in 1672. Consequently, the Mughals lost much of their dominance in what is now Afghanistan, seriously weakening the empire. 
The British East India Company:                                                                                                 Aurangzeb died in 1707, and the Mughal state began a long, slow process of cutting up from within and without. Rising farmer revolts and communal violence threatened the durability of the throne, and various nobles and warlords sought to control the line of weak emperors. All around the borders, powerful new kingdoms rushed up and started to vapor away at Mughal land holdings. The British East India Company was established in 1600 AD, while Akbar was still on the throne. Primarily, it was only interested in trading and had to content itself with working around the margin of the Mughal Empire. As the Mughals weakened, however, the British East India Company grew increasingly powerful.

The Last Days of the Mughal Empire: 
 In 1757, the British East India Company vanquished the Nawab of Bengal and French company interests at the Battle of Palashi. After this triumph, the British East India Company took political control of the subcontinent, marking the start of the British Rule in India. The later Mughal rulers held on to their throne, but they were simply puppets of the British. In 1857, half of the Indian Army stand up against the British East India Company what is known as the Sepoy Rebellion or the Indian Mutiny. The British home government interfered to protect its own financial stake. Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar was arrested, tried for treason, and exiled to Burma. It was the end of the Mughal Bloodline.

The Mughal Legacy in India:

The Mughal Bloodline left a large and visible sign on India. Among the most remarkable examples of Mughal heritage are the many beautiful buildings that were built in the Mughal style - not just the Taj Mahal, but also the Red Fort in Delhi, the Fort of Agra, Humayan's Tomb and a number of other attractive monuments. The mingling of Persian and Indian styles created some of the world's best-known monument​. This summation of impacts can also be seen in the arts, cuisine, gardens. Through the Mughals, Indo-Persian culture reached a culmination of retouch and beauty. 

Mughal Emperors:

• Babur (1526-1530)• Humayun (1530-1540, 1555-1556)• Akbar (1556-1605)• Jahangir (1605-1627)• Shah Jahan (1627-1658)• Aurangzeb (1658-1707)• Bahadur Shah (1707-1712)• Jahandar Shah (1712-1713)• Furrukhsiyar (1713-1719)• Rafi ul-Darjat (1719-1719)• Rafi ud-Daulat (1719-1719)• Nikusiyar (1719-1743)• Mohammed Ibrahim (1720-1744)• Mohammed Shah (1719-1720, 1720-1748)• Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748-1754)• Alamgir II (1754-1759• Shah Jahan III (1759-1759)• Shah Alam II (1759-1806)• Akbar Shah II (1806-1837)• Bahadur Shah II (1837-1857).